钢笔圣经中关于钢笔笔尖的译文--端午节劳动成果

nanmao1961

入坛半年有余一直吸取论坛的营养而没有贡献心中有愧，今天利用端午节休假，翻译了钢笔圣经中关于钢笔笔尖的一段，算是我入坛后对笔友们的一个交待，翻译的不好，请笔友们拍砖。本人申明，此段翻译只作为交流用，不得作为商业盈利目的，版权归原作者。为了交流我把译文和原文都附上（是我一个字一个字的敲进来的，如有错误在所难免，错误的责任在我）

译文如下

钢笔笔尖

笔尖是一支优质钢笔的心脏。多年来制造商们利用各种材料制造出了不同形状的笔尖。至上个世纪末，笔尖成细小管状的自来水笔逐渐由传统的开放式14k金的笔尖的钢笔所取代。这些早期的钢笔，为了获得更好的墨水流都配有过度的装墨量，但是到了1920年代开放式笔尖以向下式装料为主。黄金具有柔软性，由于其太软，因此硬度好一点如铱合金材料被逐渐发展起来作为钢笔笔尖的依粒材料。

为了满足不同个人的需求，笔尖按不同的等级和柔软度来提供。为了产生斜和斜体的书法需要对笔尖依粒的宽度和不同的切削方式进行选择。有专门针对速记、会计和复写工作的笔尖。除钢笔外，没有其它的书写工具能够满足这么多不同的需求。

此外，制造商竞相给客户更大的写作特点的选择。在20世纪30年代，威尔·永锋推出了可调笔尖。钢笔使用者可以通过向上和向下滑动笔尖来调整书写线的宽度。随着技术的进步，新的笔尖形状和设计被开发出来了。派克在20世纪40年代初期提供了的暗藏式笔尖并开发出了配套的新的快干墨水，暗藏式笔尖把传统式钢笔的前端转变成更具流线型的设计。犀飞利随后不久提供的管状凯旋笔尖，这种设计不仅协调了笔形与美观而且还提供了强烈的视觉享受。这种笔尖凭借其笔尖尖端轻微向上，提供书写者平稳控制感。

在随后的二十年里新颖的笔尖相继被推出。在1950年代，犀飞利推出镶嵌式笔尖，万宝龙开发出了改善墨水流动性的翅膀式笔尖， 派克的反应是在1960年代推出裁剪式笔尖（本人注：类似派克75的笔尖）。更多的设计方案被相继推出，今天有大量的笔尖品种存在，其中许多的品种都是经过精心刻意设计的，才使现在的钢笔爱好者有了自由选择的余地。

在整个的这些年的钢笔发展过程中，传统的开放式的笔尖占据了优势。今天的优质钢笔笔尖大都是14k或18k的金尖， 这些笔尖具有柔韧性并良好的衔接在硬质笔尖基材上，他们能平稳地控制墨水的流量，因此，给人以高质量的书写满足感。钢笔由于其对大多数人来说是一个非常个性化的物品并能延伸人们的个性，所以选择一款适合的款式显得非常重要。

钢笔将成为人们一个忠实的朋友，钢笔笔尖在促使使用者远离非人性化的现代书面通讯世界中扮演着最重要的作用。

nanmao1961

原文如下
A Fountain of Nibs
  The nib is the heart of a quality fountain pen. Over the years manufacturers have used a wide variety of materials and shapes to produce them. Towards the end of the last century, stylographs with their needle point gradually replaced with fountain pens mounted with traditional open nib crafted from 14 carat solid gold. These early fountain pens were fitted with the over-under feed for better ink flow, but by the 1920s the open nib with under feed predominated. Gold offers flexibility, but it is fairly soft so harder materials, usually iridium alloys, were developed for the writing tip.
  To satisfy individual customer requirements the nibs were offered in a variety of grades and flexibility. There was a choice of point width and various cuts to produce oblique and italic nibs for calligraphy. There were specialist nibs for shorthand, accountancy and copy work. No other writing instrument could offer such versatility.
  Nevertheless, manufacturers competed to give the customer greater choice of writing points. During the 1930s Wahl Eversharp introduced adjustable nibs. The writer could vary the writing line width by moving a slide up and down the nib. With improved technology new nib shapes and designs were developed. In the early 1940s Parker offered the hooded nib and developed a complementary new fast drying ink. The hooded nib transformed the traditional front part of the pen into a more streamlined design. Sheaffer soon followed with the tubular Triumph nib which not only harmonized aesthetically with the pen shape but also offered stronger visual presence. With its tip shaped slightly upwards, it offered smooth controlled writing.
  During the following two decades novel nib shapes appeared. In the 1950s, Sheaffer introduced the inlaid nib and Montblanc launched the wing nib which offered improved ink flow. Parker responded by launching the cropped nib in the 1960s. More designs continued to be developed. Today there is perhaps the greatest variety, many having elaborate engraved designs. The pen lover now has the freedom of choice.
  Throughout the years it is, however, the traditional open nib that has predominated. Quality pens today are mounted with such nibs in 14 carat or 18 carat solid gold. They are flexible, well-ground at the hard tip and well set. They offer controlled ink flow and smooth performance, thereby giving a high level of writing satisfaction. Since the pen is a very personal accessory for most people and an extension of their personality, selection for suitability is very important. The pen will then become a faithful friend, with the nib playing a paramount role in allowing the user to escape from the impersonal world of modern written communications.

nanmao1961

今天过了个有意义的节日，自己顶顶

nanmao1961

其中有些地方自己感觉翻译的不准，还请各位指教

nanmao1961

a cropped nib ，不知怎么翻译，在网上查了一张图，更能说明问题，这张图中的笔尖就是a cropped nib

nanmao1961

另外，the over-under feed，和 under feed，我把握不好怎么翻译，请教各位笔友了

nanmao1961

祝各位笔友端午节人快乐哈！

ilavie

楼主辛苦了，端午节快乐，哎，此书相当贵，淘宝的价格太黑了

nanmao1961

回复 8# ilavie


    是呀，我在ebay网上买的也要124美金呢

nanmao1961

这个贴发出，竟然升为笔友了，这个端午节真值

ilavie

呵呵，再次恭喜楼主了，淘宝卖1500……非一般的贵

nanmao1961

回复 11# ilavie


    谢谢了。1500呀，那真贵

pual

  楼主辛苦了 !

nanmao1961

回复 13# pual


    还好啦。只是有些地方翻译的不准，见笑了

nanmao1961

昨天进来位做广告的，被删掉了，好，支持删掉

dlzhao1949

另外，the over-under feed，和 under feed，我把握不好怎么翻译，请教各位笔友了
nanmao1961 发表于 2010-6-16 20:55

是否指尾部灌注和笔尖吸水？

nanmao1961

回复 16# dlzhao1949


    可能吧，我还是有疑问

zhuzhukare

厉害厉害哦

nanmao1961

回复 18# zhuzhukare


    那里那里

c10x90

另外，the over-under feed，和 under feed，我把握不好怎么翻译，请教各位笔友了
nanmao1961 发表于 2010-6-16 20:55

    feed是指笔舌。
    笔舌在笔尖金属片底下的设计叫under feed。
    在笔尖金属片上部和下部都能看到笔舌的设计叫over-under feed, 这种设计只在19世纪末和20世纪初的钢笔中出现过。